TechSource: Top Astronomy Applications For Ubuntu Linux

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Top Astronomy Applications For Ubuntu Linux Posted: 09 Feb 2013 04:38 AM PST There are billions of stars and galaxies out there. Every time you look up at the sky, you see these stars glowing, moving, and changing. The vastness that lies beyond our planet earth has fascinated people for centuries. It is believed that early cultures gathered huge artifacts for astronomical purpose and in addition to using them for ceremonies, they were used as tools for observing the sky and predicting the seasons. This observation helped our ancestors greatly when it came to planting crops and even hunting to an extent. These days Astronomy has turned from a tool to a separate branch of study. It is a science dealing with the study of celestial objects. This also includes studying the chemistry and physics of various stars, planets, and galaxies that are millions of miles away from our Earth. From Ptolemy to Galileo, many astronomers have contributed their own knowledge to this field and have literally changed the way in which we view the world. Astronomers are required to have knowledge in various fields including physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Apart from having a keen eye in the sky, telescopes make up the standard repertoire of these celestial explorers. Of course, not every budding astronomer can afford a full-fledged telescope. In that case, however, there are various tools and software that help them study the stars without spending a dime. Our very own Ubuntu Linux too offers such tools thus making astronomy easy and accessible to everyone. If you're a professional astronomer or a budding stargazer, these applications surely will come in handy in your profession. So, without much ado, here are some of the best astronomy applications that can be easily installed on Ubuntu (and other Linux distros): Stellarium Stellarium is a free software that turns your computer into a virtual planetarium. Serving as a valuable educational tool for studying the night sky, this OpenGL-powered application can accurately calculate the positions of the Sun, the moon, and the stars and show us how the sky will look on a particular day. Another cool feature this application offers is that it allows you to simulate astronomical phenomena such as meteor showers and solar/lunar eclipses. The application is used by professional astronomers and comes with a catalogue of over 600,000 stars. There are also extra catalogues that comprise more than 210 million stars.  DOWNLOAD HERE SkyChart SkyChart, as the name suggests, lets users draw sky charts. The application comes loaded with a database of over 2.8 million cities. SkyChart offers Galactic and Ecliptic chart projection along with superimposed survey charts over a digitized sky. The main use of this application is to prepare different sky maps for specific observations. DOWNLOAD HERE Virtual Moon Atlas Virtual Moon Atlas is a free application that lets astronomers and stargazers study the moon and its surface. Once installed, you'll be able to study moon's features by pointing simulated telescopes at the moon's surface. As a start, you are shown a 3D lunar globe of the moon that can be rotated, zoomed into, and navigated as per need. Virtual Moon Atlas lets you study lunar formation with a unique database of more than 9000 entries and 7000 pictures. Furthermore, you'll also find 34 scientific overlays along with some high-resolution textures thus making it a professional software. Virtual Moon Atlas has been used in the preparation of the Chandrayaan 1 lunar mission. DOWNLOAD HERE Celestia Celestia is a free space-simulation software that works in real time. As compared to other planetarium software, Celestia stands out by letting you travel to all the planets, stars, and galaxies of the solar system. Thus, you're not restricted to your home planet as you are while using other software. Compatible perfectly with both KDE and GNOME, Celestia displays the Hipparcos Catalogue consisting of almost 120,000 stars. What's more, you can also capture high-resolution pictures and movies while traveling through space making it easy for you to share what you saw with the world. Celestia works perfectly across all platforms including Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. DOWNLOAD HERE

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TechSource: How To Write Linux Shell Scripts (Part 2)

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How To Write Linux Shell Scripts (Part 2) Posted: 08 Feb 2013 03:26 AM PST The last time we got a brief introduction to shell scripting and showed you some of its uses. We also learned how to write our first shell script and execute it. In this article, we'll be moving forward with variables and other important topics.  Introduction to Variables What are variables? Variables are places in memory that are used by the computer to store specific data. Whoa! That sounds a bit confusing doesn't it? Well, let me tell you that it's not. Remember in algebra you used to assign a certain value, let's say 3 to x and then another value, say 6 to y? And then, you used to write x = 3 and y = 6. Once that was done, you used to perform various operations using x and y. For example, x+y = z, x*y, and x2 + y2 = z2. Wasn't that simple? In other words, you gave the value of 3 to x and of 6 to y, so that you could perform operations on them without having to repeat them. This makes sure that you don't end up writing 3+6 and 3*6 every time. Variables in programming and shell scripting work the same way. They store a particular value given to them and let the user use that variable multiple times. To get a clearer picture, let's go back to our first script:  #!/bin/bash ## Script that greets the user, prints the date  clear echo "Hello World!" echo "Welcome to shell scripting, $USER" echo -n "Today is  ";date In that example, we had used the variable '$USER'. The $USER is a system-defined variable that stores the current user's username. This variable is created in Linux by default. (Hence the name System-defined variable). So, whenever you write echo $USER in the terminal, it will print out your username.  Now that we know what variables are, it's time to see them in action. Open a new file and type in the following code:  #!/bin/bash echo "Let's learn about variables" mysite=TechSource myos=Linux echo "My favorite Operating System is $myos and my favorite site is $mysite " Once you're done, save the file as variables.sh and type in the following commands: $chmod +x variables.sh $./variables.sh (Note that chmod +x command sets the permission for the file to executable) The output will be something like this: Let's learn about variables My favorite Operating System is Linux and my favorite site is TechSource  Code Explained: Now, in the third line, we have assigned the value TechSource to the variable mysite. And similarly Linux to myos. So every time you invoke $myos with echo, it will print out its value rather than the variable name. Hence, when we type $myos and $mysite in the last statement, it prints out their values thus giving the output: My favorite Operating System is Linux and my favorite site is TechSource.  You can similarly define as many variables as you want. In fact, you can try out variables in the terminal itself. Go ahead, open the terminal and type in the following commands: $n=32  $echo $n  It will print out the value of n, which is 32. Variables are very useful in shell scripting as they can be used to temporarily or permanently store specific data like pathname and file size.  Points to Remember:  1. While assigning values to variables, make sure that there are no spaces in the declaration:  n=10    is correct n = 10  is wrong 2. Variables are case sensitive. myos=Linux is NOT the same as myOS=Linux 3. Variable names must start either with a number or an alphabet. You can also begin a variable name with an underscore, (example: n=_32) but that doesn't look good. That said, you could add an underscore in between a variable name (example:  HOME_NAME=matrix). Exercises: 1. Write a shell script that prints out the following line: "Do or do not. There is no try" on one line, and on the next, it prints "Luke, I am your father".  Store the name of Luke in a variable.  2. Store your age and weight in two different variables (call them age and weight) and print the following line using their values: "Hi, my age is 22 and my weight is 80 kg". That's it for now. See you in the next part of the series. Happy scripting! Written by: Abhishek, a regular TechSource contributor and a long-time FOSS advocate.

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[HowtoForge] Newsletter 02/07/2013

HowtoForge Newsletter 02/07/2013
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*** Version 1.3 of the ISPConfig 3 Manual ***
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The next update of the ISPConfig 3 Manual is available in PDF format (version 1.3 for ISPConfig >= 3.0.4; Date: 10/25/2011).

Version 1.3 for ISPConfig >= 3.0.4 (Date: 10/25/2011)
Author: Falko Timme
333 pages

The manual can be downloaded from these two links:

http://www.ispconfig.org/ispconfig-3/ispconfig-3-manual/
http://www.howtoforge.com/download-the-ispconfig-3-manual


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ISPConfig Monitor App for Android Phones
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With the ISPConfig Monitor App, you can check your server status and find out if all services are running as expected. You can check TCP and UDP ports and ping your servers. In addition to that you can use this app to request details from servers that have ISPConfig installed; these details include everything you know from the Monitor module in the ISPConfig Control Panel (e.g. services, mail and system logs, mail queue, CPU and memory info, disk usage, quota, OS details, RKHunter log, etc.).

Download/Usage
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For download and usage instructions, please visit http://www.ispconfig.org/ispconfig-3/ispconfig-monitor-app-for-android/ .


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*** HowtoForge Now Has Its own Facebook Page ***
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We at HowtoForge are proud to announce that our new Facebook page is now available under http://www.facebook.com/howtoforge. As most of you probably have a Facebook account, we want to use this additional channel to post updates and get feedback from you. Therefore we would like you to "Like" our page, share it with your friends, post comments, etc.

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New HOWTOs:
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* Running Contao 3.x On Nginx (LEMP) On Debian Wheezy/Ubuntu 12.10
* Virtual Users And Domains With Postfix, Courier, MySQL And SquirrelMail (Fedora 18 x86_64)
* Distributed Replicated Storage Across Four Storage Nodes With GlusterFS 3.2.x On Ubuntu 12.10
* How To Detect Weak Mail Passwords On Your ISPConfig 3 Server
* Virtual Hosting With PureFTPd And MySQL (Incl. Quota And Bandwidth Management) On Fedora 18
* How To Configure PureFTPd To Accept TLS Sessions On Fedora 18

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Running Contao 3.x On Nginx (LEMP) On Debian Wheezy/Ubuntu 12.10
================================================================

This tutorial shows how you can install and run a Contao 3.x web site on a Debian Wheezy or Ubuntu 12.10 system that has nginx installed instead of Apache (LEMP = Linux + nginx (pronounced "engine x") + MySQL + PHP). nginx is a HTTP server that uses much less resources than Apache and delivers pages a lot of faster, especially static files.

You can find the document here:
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http://www.howtoforge.com/running-contao-3.x-on-nginx-lemp-on-debian-wheezy-ubuntu-12.10




Virtual Users And Domains With Postfix, Courier, MySQL And SquirrelMail (Fedora 18 x86_64)
==========================================================================================

This document describes how to install a Postfix mail server that is based on virtual users and domains, i.e. users and domains that are in a MySQL database. I'll also demonstrate the installation and configuration of Courier (Courier-POP3, Courier-IMAP), so that Courier can authenticate against the same MySQL database Postfix uses. The resulting Postfix server is capable of SMTP-AUTH and TLS and quota. Passwords are stored in encrypted form in the database. In addition to that, this tutorial covers the installation of Amavisd, SpamAssassin and ClamAV so that emails will be scanned for spam and viruses. I will also show how to install SquirrelMail as a webmail interface so that users can read and send emails and change their passwords.

You can find the document here:
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http://www.howtoforge.com/virtual-users-and-domains-with-postfix-courier-mysql-and-squirrelmail-fedora-18-x86_64




Distributed Replicated Storage Across Four Storage Nodes With GlusterFS 3.2.x On Ubuntu 12.10
=============================================================================================

This tutorial shows how to combine four single storage servers (running Ubuntu 12.10) to a distributed replicated storage with GlusterFS. Nodes 1 and 2 (replication1) as well as 3 and 4 (replication2) will mirror each other, and replication1 and replication2 will be combined to one larger storage server (distribution). Basically, this is RAID10 over network. If you lose one server from replication1 and one from replication2, the distributed volume continues to work. The client system (Ubuntu 12.10 as well) will be able to access the storage as if it was a local filesystem. GlusterFS is a clustered file-system capable of scaling to several peta-bytes. It aggregates various storage bricks over Infiniband RDMA or TCP/IP interconnect into one large parallel network file system. Storage bricks can be made of any commodity hardware such as x86_64 servers with SATA-II RAID and Infiniband HBA.

You can find the document here:
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http://www.howtoforge.com/distributed-replicated-storage-across-four-storage-nodes-with-glusterfs-3.2.x-on-ubuntu-12.10




How To Detect Weak Mail Passwords On Your ISPConfig 3 Server
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This is a short tutorial on how to find out weak password for your mail users. This will save you you a huge headache since spammers will find out mail account with weak password and send spam email as that user which will result in your mail server being blacklisted.

You can find the document here:
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http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-detect-weak-mail-passwords-on-your-ispconfig-3-server




Virtual Hosting With PureFTPd And MySQL (Incl. Quota And Bandwidth Management) On Fedora 18
===========================================================================================

This document describes how to install a PureFTPd server that uses virtual users from a MySQL database instead of real system users. This is much more performant and allows to have thousands of ftp users on a single machine. In addition to that I will show the use of quota and upload/download bandwidth limits with this setup. Passwords will be stored encrypted as MD5 strings in the database.

You can find the document here:
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http://www.howtoforge.com/virtual-hosting-with-pureftpd-and-mysql-incl-quota-and-bandwidth-management-on-fedora-18




How To Configure PureFTPd To Accept TLS Sessions On Fedora 18
=============================================================

FTP is a very insecure protocol because all passwords and all data are transferred in clear text. By using TLS, the whole communication can be encrypted, thus making FTP much more secure. This article explains how to configure PureFTPd to accept TLS sessions on a Fedora 18 server.

You can find the document here:
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http://www.howtoforge.com/how-to-configure-pureftpd-to-accept-tls-sessions-on-fedora-18


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For a monthly fee of 5 EUR or 25 EUR for half a year, you can become a HowtoForge supporter and help us cover our costs (servers, bandwidth, etc.) and support ISPConfig development. In return, you receive the following benefits:

1. Download the ISPConfig 3 Manual (from http://www.howtoforge.com/download-the-ispconfig-3-manual).
2. Access the whole HowtoForge web site without any ads.
3. Download the results of our tutorials as VMware images (where available) (a list of downloadable VMware images is available here: http://www.howtoforge.com/list-of-downloadable-vmware-images).
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5. View our tutorials as printer-friendly pages.
6. You will be marked as a "HowtoForge Supporter" in your forum posts.
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If you have the free VMware Server or Player installed, you can import our VMware images and start playing around with the results of our tutorials immediately. It's a great way to track down problems with your own setup or simply to save time. ;-)

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TechSource: 5 Best Turn-based Strategy Games for Android

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5 Best Turn-based Strategy Games for Android Posted: 05 Feb 2013 11:32 PM PST Turn-based strategy games have always been popular amongst hardcore gamers and casual gamers alike. One of the reasons for that is these games give the player a realistic feeling of a battle or a conquest. Also, they remind users of many old-school games like chess, monopoly etc. No wonder big franchises like Sid Meier's Civilization and Heroes of Might and Magic have amassed huge success thanks to their popularity. On Windows, and on many other platforms too, there is a dearth of good titles in this genre. Likewise, if you see on Linux, there are only a handful of good titles, the best of which we've listed in our earlier article (see: 5 Best Free/Open-source Turn-based Strategy Games for Linux). On Android, however, there are a lot of great turn-based strategy games available for download and purchase. These games give you a realistic turn-by-turn gameplay experience making you really rack your brains for your next strategy. In this article, we have compiled a list of the best turn-based strategy games for Android. Landrule Strategy of War Landrule is a multi-player turn-based strategy game for Android. Inspired by Age of Conquest and Risk, this free game challenges you to battle against thousands of other players online. Of course, you can play single player too, but the real fun of this game is when played with a human opponent. Also, in case you don't have an Internet connection, you can play the game with your friend using the pass-and-play mode. This mode lets you make a move, and then makes you pass the device to your friend so he and she can make their move.  DOWNLOAD HERE Rebuild Rebuild is a game set in a time of a zombie apocalypse wherein you have to defend your fort against undead zombies. You take over one building at a time making sure that the survivors are continuously bringing a supply of food, building houses, and, of course, killing zombies. What's more, you get to battle against rival gangs, thieves, and even get involved in riots. The game has 5 levels of difficulty making it accessible to hardcore gamers and novices alike. Also, there are 7 different endings to discover in the game making it very re-playable. To ensure that the game stays fresh and unique, you are put in randomly generated cities every time you play.  DOWNLOAD HERE  Age of Conquest World Age of Conquest is a cross-platform turn-based strategy game. Once installed, you can fulfill your long-standing dream of world domination by playing this Risk-like adventure. The graphics are okay; however, the gameplay is something that you'll look forward to.  DOWNLOAD HERE UniWar HD UniWar HD is a popular online multi-player strategy game. This turn-based adventure lets players build their armies and fight against each other by using their army and taking advantage of the terrain. The game is quite similar to chess or checkers and requires you to rack your brain. There are 3 races, about 3000 and more maps, and you can play up to 20 games at once. There is also a campaign mode with 21 challenging missions. For achievement fanatics, there is a dedicated game ladder that lets you measure your skills against other players. DOWNLOAD HERE Devil's Attorney Devil's Attorney is a light turn-based strategy game set in the 80's where you play as Max McMann, a charming yet unscrupulous defense attorney. Your objective in the game is to free all your clients and use their money to buy luxuries for yourself. The more you swindle your clients and the more you purchase, the more your ego grows. This ego growth lets you unlock many courtroom skills progressing you further into the game. Though not free, the game is a great entertaining title for every casual gamer. DOWNLOAD HERE Written by: Abhishek, a regular TechSource contributor and a long-time FOSS advocate.

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TechSource: Highly Recommended Chrome Extensions For Music Junkies

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Highly Recommended Chrome Extensions For Music Junkies Posted: 04 Feb 2013 01:00 AM PST We all love music. Many of us just love to listen while some of us are talented enough to make good music. No matter who you are or where you come from, there has to be a specific type of music that appeals to you. Be it rock, pop, jazz, or reggae, there are thousands of genres to choose from. Now that we've moved from the golden days of radios and cassettes, the Internet has become one of the most popular mediums that music is spread through.  Many of us love to listen to music from sites like last.fm, Pandora, Grooveshark and even YouTube. In other words, most of the music many web junkies listen to is through the web browser. If you're a Chrome user, you can ramp up your daily music listening experience by downloading some of these handy extensions: +Music +Music is a simple extension that lets you quickly look up any artist and play a song by them. Once installed, +Music shows up as a small icon on your Chrome toolbar. Once you click on it, you'll be able to search for any artist you like and +Music will start playing a mix of songs from various sources. Though not being actively developed, +Music is a great app if you like to listen to music while you're browsing the web. DOWNLOAD HERE Better Music for Google Play Music This free extension is really useful if you want to make the most out of your Google Play Music account. Once installed, Better Music lets you play, pause, skip, reverse, shuffle, and repeat songs in any Chrome window. Furthermore, the extension also lets you scrobble tracks to Last.fm along with desktop notifications on song change. Install it if you listen to Google Play tracks on a daily basis.  DOWNLOAD HERE Zazoo Zazoo is a great extension if you love watching music videos on YouTube. Once installed, Zazoo gives you on-video synchronized lyrics along with on-screen song chords. Moreover, you can also turn Facebook music posts into video playlists and listen to your friends' favorite tunes together. If you're listening to your favorite artist, the extension shows you the latest tweets, news, events, and lyrics by them making your video-watching experience much more interactive.  DOWNLOAD HERE Seesu Music Seesu Music is a cool new extension that lets you search for music and MP3 files using your web browser. The app runs your query through various music sites like Last.fm, vk.com, and many others so that you can listen to your favorite tracks anytime you want. Apart from letting you listen to tracks, Seesu also scrobbles your currently playing track to your Last.fm profile. Overall, a handy extension if you like to listen to music from varied sources. DOWNLOAD HERE Last.fm Scrobbler Last.fm is a great site if you want to keep a track record of all the music you listen to. The scrobbler that sends your currently playing song to its site can be downloaded as a separate application for Windows, Mac, and Linux. Moreover, many modern Linux-based players like Banshee, Amarok, and Rhythmbox come with support for Last.fm. However, the support is limited to local tracks thus making you miss out on the scrobbles you could've had while listening to your favorite tracks on YouTube. Last.fm Scrobbler for Chrome is a free extension that takes care of this problem. Once installed, the extension will let you scrobble your currently playing song from a variety of sites. Supported sites include the likes of Amazon cloud player, Deezer, MySpace, Soundcloud, iHeart.com, Pandora, Pitchfork.com, and even YouTube. The extension shows the status of the scrobble on the right-hand side of the omnibox. Optionally, you can also enable desktop notifications for currently playing tracks. A must-have extension if you're an active Last.fm user. DOWNLOAD HERE "Without music, life would be a mistake."  -- Friedrich Nietzsche

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TechSource: How To Write Linux Shell Scripts (Part 1)

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How To Write Linux Shell Scripts (Part 1) Posted: 31 Jan 2013 10:13 PM PST If you are a Linux user, I'm sure you must have come across the command line using your favorite terminal emulator. You enter a command in the BASH shell and it gets executed, thus giving you the desired output. As simple as that seems, remembering the huge number of commands that are there for Linux becomes a rather tedious tasks. Also, let's say you needed to type a set of commands in succession, about thrice a day; it becomes even more tedious for the user. This is where shell scripts come in handy. Introduction to Shell Scripting: What are shell scripts? Shell scripts are a collection of commands that you store in a file. Once you execute this file -- remember that everything in Linux (that is not a directory), even a program, is a file  -- the shell reads the commands in it and executes them. So, next time you have a set of commands in a file, simply executing the file in a shell will make those commands run one by one. Why do we need shell scripts? Shell scripts make our job easier. They save us valuable time and drastically reduce our effort. One of the best advantages of shell scripts is that they let us automate tasks in Linux. That is why you'll see the most efficient system admins are the ones who do the least work. Do I need to know programming to get started? No, you don't need to know programming to learn shell scripting. That said, a little background in coding would be great. And, it is important that you are familiar with the command line and know at least the basic commands used in BASH. (Bash is the shell, or command language interpreter, for the GNU operating system). Getting started: Writing your first shell script Now, open your favorite text editor. Here we'll use gedit since it is the default text editor in Ubuntu. Type in the following code in the file: #!/bin/bash ## Script that greets the user, prints the date clear echo "Hello World!" echo "Welcome to shell scripting, $USER" echo -n "Today is  ";date Now save the file as helloworld.sh in your home directory. Next, open up the terminal and type in the following commands: $cd ~ $chmod +x helloworld.sh $./helloworld.sh Now, what you'll see next is something like this: "Hello World!" Welcome to shell scripting, Today is Wed Dec 19 09:45:29 IST 2012 Code Explained: Now, let's go back to the script once again. In the first line, that is #!/bin/bash, you told the command line to use the BASH shell (http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/What-is-Bash_003f.html ). !# is usually pronounced as shebang. The clear command then clears the screen. (Same as Ctrl + L) on the command line. echo "Hello World!"  - The echo command prints, whatever you type in quotes, to the command line. So, you'll see Hello World! in the output. In the next line, that is: echo "Welcome to shell scripting, $USER" We tell the script to print the phrase along with the user name. The $USER is a variable that stores the username. Don't worry if you don't know what variables are, we'll come to that later. For now, just remember that $USER prints out the current user's username. In fact, try typing the following command in the terminal right now: $echo $USER It will print out your username. Finally, the last line prints out two commands at once. echo -n "Today is  ";date We tell echo to print "Today is " in the terminal and then, on the same line we print today's date. The semicolon in between ensures that both commands are run in succession. The -n argument, on the other hand, makes sure that the output of both the commands is printed on the same line. So, if you had not used -n, you would have got "Today is" and the date on different lines. Now that you got a fair idea of how to write your first shell script, give yourself a pat on the back. Remember, every time you get stuck, try typing (or even copying and pasting) the commands in the shell script in the terminal and executing them one-by-one. That's it for today. We'll continue our journey on writing shell scripts in part 2. Written by: Abhishek, a regular TechSource contributor and a long-time FOSS advocate.

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